Quality Management Tools & Techniques Assignment - 3

Quality Management Tools & Techniques - Assignment Example Three design specifications are to be maintained in development of the process. The first two design specifications are measurement of distance between two parts of the process while the third specification is power in form of current. Measurement of the distance is in millimeters, where the first one, A, must be 11.5 +/- 1.0mm while the second one, B, must be 8.5 +/- 2.0mm. Finally, current, C must not exceed a maximum threshold of 2.5 amps. In order to appraise the processes technical capabilities, a histogram for the three variables will be plotted and resultant patterns used in selecting optimal set of conditions. Process testing is an essential step in development of manufacturing processes. Engineers and process owners cannot commission manufacturing processes before validating their level of compatibility with pre-determined standards. In this regard, one reason for carrying out process testing involves the need to detect errors. New processes may have technical errors which may lead to increased cost of operation. For example, the process in subject may need current exceeding the technical limit of 2.5 amps. However, optimal operation of the hard drive production process needs a maximum current of 2.5 amps, above that threshold compromise on the power efficiency of the entire production setup. In this case, testing facilitate early detection of errors which would hinder optimal performance later. Apart from errors, testing is also necessary as a means of appraising safety standards. Douglas (2008) mentioned that employees involved in operating the disk drive machine must be certain of the ir safety aspects. Conventionally, every industrial process must conform to some specified safety standards. Therefore, testing will facilitate quantification of the process’ integrity. Detection of any deviation from conformance limits warrants use of appropriate corrective measures. Normally, most processes fail to undergo thorough testing because of

International trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

International trade - Essay Example Tariffs and quotas allow domestic industry to reap more profits than it would do under free trade. Pertinently tariffs and quotas are fairly transparent, when compared to other forms of trade interventions (Kenen, 2000: 177). However, loss to the economy and society from the protection of tariffs and quotas is higher as the loss to the consumers exceeds the gain of the producer. According to the US Department of Labor, protectionism destroys eight jobs in general economy for every one saved in the protected economy (Miller and Elwood, 1998). Free trade, on the other hand, encourages nations to manufacture only those commodities in which they have specialization thus creating more and better job opportunities. Cross-national trade, thus, makes the rates of goods more competitive and allows goods to be shipped and traded internationally. Tariffs and quotas decrease the choice of goods for the consumers and raise the cost of doing business. Trade protectionism impedes economic growth, a nd its costs are far higher than its benefits. Apparent similarities apart, there are major conceptual and practical differences between quotas and tariffs. There is a general non-equivalence between tariffs and quotas. Quotas restrict the import of commodities, into the home country, in a given period of time. Through a quota, a country directly decreases the import of goods. It is a protectionist regime employed to benefit a few importers, and producers, of a particular commodity. Quota can also be referred to as the quantitative restriction on the import of goods. Kenen (2000:176) argues that quotas also provide an absolute limitation on the volume of imports. There can be a total ban of import of quantities exceeding the quota or they can be subject to a high duty rate. Transparency in the quota system is far less than that in tariff system. Normally, quotas are allocated without any

SIX STEPS OF MARKETING RESEARCH Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

SIX STEPS OF MARKETING RESEARCH - Essay Example Marketing research specifies the information required to address these issues, designs the methods for collecting information, manages and implements the data collection process, analyzes, and communicates the findings and their implications." (Introduction to Marketing Research) "Is collected for the first time. It is original and collected for a specific purpose, or to solve a specific problem. It is expensive, and time consuming, but is more focused than secondary research. There are many ways to conduct primary research. We consider some of them." (Introduction to Marketing Research) 2. Mystery Shopping: "Companies will set up mystery shopping campaigns on an organizations behalf. Often used in banking, retailing, travel, cafes and restaurants, and many other customers focused organizations, mystery shoppers will enter, posing as real customers. They collect data on customer service and the customer experience. Findings are reported back to the commissioning organization. There are many issues surrounding the ethics of such an approach to research." (Introduction to Marketing Research) Now what is means by 'Secondary Data Collection Procedure in Marketing Research According to a definition "is data which has been collected by individuals or agencies for purposes other than those of our particular research study. For example, if a government department has conducted a survey of, say, family food expenditures, then a food manufacturer might use this data in the organization's evaluations of the total potential market for a new product. Similarly, statistics prepared by a ministry on agricultural production will prove useful to a whole host of people and organizations, including those marketing agricultural supplies". (Secondary Source Information) However, in order to achieve this ob objective, there are certain ways as follows: 1. By applying the secondary data collection, sometimes it replaces primary sources, because the secondary data solves most of the problems facing. 2. A real secondary data is more simple and cheaper if compared with the primary data, while by applying the secondary gives more fruitful result than primary sources. 3. While adapting to collect information by applying secondary data, it consumes less time than adapting to primary source. 4. You can get more perfect and accurate information by adapting to secondary source, more than adapting